Haematology Tests

Full Blood Count (FBC / CBC)
  1. Haemoglobin (Hb)
  2. Packed Cell Volume (PCV / Haematocrit)
  3. Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
  4. White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
  5. Platelet Count
  6. Red Cell Indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW)
  7. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
  8. Peripheral Blood Film (Blood Smear) Examination
  9. Reticulocyte Count
Anaemia & Red Cell Disorder Investigations
  1. Blood Film Morphology (Anaemia Screen)
  2. Sickle Cell Screening
  3. Sickling Test
  4. Solubility Test
  5. Haemoglobin Electrophoresis
  6. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Haemoglobin Variants
  7. Foetal Haemoglobin (HbF) Estimation
  8. G6PD Screening
  9. Osmotic Fragility Test
  10. Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT / Coombs Test)
Coagulation and Haemostasis Tests
  1. Prothrombin Time (PT) / International Normalised Ratio (INR)
  2. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
  3. Thrombin Time (TT)
  4. Fibrinogen Level
  5. D-Dimer
  6. Clotting Factor Assays (Factors VIII, IX, XI, etc.)
  7. Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) Antigen and Activity
  8. Platelet Function Tests
  9. Bleeding Time (where still used)
  10. Platelet Aggregation Studies
White Cell and Leukaemia Investigations
  1. Differential White Cell Count
  2. Blood Film for Leukaemia / Lymphoma
  3. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Trephine Biopsy
  4. Cytochemical Stains
  5. Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
  6. Sudan Black B
  7. Flow Cytometry (Immunophenotyping)
  8. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Testing
Transfusion Haematology
  1. ABO Blood Grouping
  2. Rh (D) Typing
  3. Extended Red Cell Phenotyping
  4. Antibody Screening and Identification
  5. Crossmatching (Compatibility Testing)
  6. Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
  7. Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)
  8. Cold Agglutinin Test
Thrombosis and Specialised Haematology Tests
  1. Thrombophilia Screen
  2. Protein C and Protein S
  3. Antithrombin III
  4. Factor V Leiden Mutation
  5. Prothrombin Gene Mutation
  6. Lupus Anticoagulant Testing
  7. Anti-cardiolipin Antibodies (often in liaison with Immunology)
Paediatric and Specialised Tests
  1. Haemoglobin Estimation
  2. INR Monitoring (POCT)
  3. Sickle Cell Rapid Tests

Clinical Chemistry

Chemistry/Metabolic Profile
  1. Random Blood Glucose
  2. Fasting Blood Glucose
  3. 2-Hour Post-Prandial Glucose
  4. Urea
  5. Creatinine
  6. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
  7. Sodium (Na⁺)
  8. Potassium (K⁺)
  9. Chloride (Cl⁻)
  10. Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)
  11. Calcium (Total / Adjusted)
  12. Phosphate
  13. Magnesium
  14. Serum Osmolality
Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
  1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
  2. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
  3. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
  4. Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
  5. Total Bilirubin
  6. Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin
  7. Total Protein
  8. Albumin
  9. Globulin
  10. Albumin/Globulin Ratio
Renal Function Tests (Kidney Profile)
  1. Urea
  2. Creatinine
  3. eGFR
  4. Electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻)
  5. Uric Acid
  6. Urine Albumin
  7. Urine Creatinine
  8. Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR)
Lipid Profile
  1. Total Cholesterol
  2. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C)
  3. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C)
  4. Triglycerides
  5. Non-HDL Cholesterol
  6. Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
Diabetes & Glycaemic Control
  1. Fasting Plasma Glucose
  2. Random Plasma Glucose
  3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
  4. Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
  5. Fructosamine
  6. Urine Glucose
  7. Urine Ketones
Cardiac & Muscle Markers
  1. Troponin I / Troponin T
  2. Creatine Kinase (CK)
  3. CK-MB
  4. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
  5. Myoglobin
  6. B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) / NT-proBNP
Pancreatic Function Tests
  1. Amylase
  2. Lipase
Bone & Mineral Metabolism
  1. Calcium
  2. Phosphate
  3. Magnesium
  4. Alkaline Phosphatase (Bone ALP, where available)
  5. Vitamin D (25-OH Vitamin D)
  6. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Protein & Inflammation Markers
  1. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
  2. High-Sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP)
  3. Total Protein
  4. Albumin
  5. Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP)
  6. Urine Protein Electrophoresis (UPEP)
Thyroid Function Tests
  1. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  2. Free T4
  3. Free T3
  4. Total T4 / Total T3
  5. Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPO-Ab)
Reproductive Hormones
  1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  2. Luteinising Hormone (LH)
  3. Prolactin
  4. Oestradiol
  5. Progesterone
  6. Testosterone (Total / Free)
  7. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Adrenal & Pituitary Hormones
  1. Cortisol (Serum / Urine)
  2. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  3. Aldosterone
  4. Renin
Tumour Markers
  1. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA – Total / Free)
  2. Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
  3. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
  4. Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125)
  5. Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)
  6. Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3)
  7. Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG)
Toxicology & Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
  1. Alcohol (Ethanol)
  2. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
  3. Salicylate
  4. Lithium
  5. Digoxin
  6. Phenytoin
  7. Carbamazepine
  8. Valproate
  9. Theophylline
Vitamins & Trace Elements
  1. Vitamin B12
  2. Folate
  3. Ferritin
  4. Iron
  5. Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
  6. Transferrin Saturation
  7. Zinc
  8. Copper
Specialised Biochemistry
  1. Lactate
  2. Ammonia
  3. Procalcitonin
  4. Homocysteine
  5. Insulin
  6. C-Peptide
Urine Chemistry
  1. Urine Electrolytes
  2. Urine Protein
  3. Urine Microalbumin
  4. Urine Osmolality
  5. 24-Hour Urine Chemistry (Protein, Calcium, Urea, Creatinine)

Clinical Microbiology

Routine Culture and Sensitivity
  1. Urine Microscopy, Culture & Sensitivity (MCS)
  2. Blood Culture (Aerobic & Anaerobic)
  3. Stool Culture & Sensitivity
  4. Sputum Culture & Sensitivity
  5. High Vaginal Swab (HVS) MCS
  6. Endocervical Swab Culture
  7. Urethral Swab Culture
  8. Wound Swab Culture
  9. Ear Swab Culture
  10. Eye Swab Culture
  11. Throat Swab Culture
  12. Pus / Abscess Culture
  13. Catheter Tip Culture
  14. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Culture
  15. Body Fluids Culture (Pleural, Ascitic, Synovial, Pericardial)
Identification Methods
  1. Conventional biochemical tests
  2. Chromogenic media identification
  3. Automated identification systems (e.g. VITEK 2 Compact)
  4. API identification systems
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)
  1. Disc Diffusion (Kirby–Bauer)
  2. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
  3. E-test
  4. Automated AST systems
  5. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Detection
  6. Carbapenemase Detection (KPC, NDM, OXA-48)
  7. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Detection
  8. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Screening
  9. Inducible Clindamycin Resistance (D-Test)
Mycobacteriology (Tuberculosis & AFB)
  1. Ziehl–Neelsen Stain (AFB Microscopy)
  2. Auramine Fluorescent Stain
  3. Mycobacterial Culture (Solid & Liquid Media)
  4. GeneXpert MTB/RIF
  5. Line Probe Assay (where available)
  6. Drug Susceptibility Testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Parasitology: Stool & Blood Parasites
  1. Stool Microscopy (Ova, Cysts & Parasites)
  2. Concentration Techniques
  3. Blood Film for Malaria Parasites
  4. Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)
  5. Microfilaria Detection
  6. Strongyloides Detection
Mycology (Fungal Studies)
  1. KOH Preparation
  2. Fungal Culture
  3. Yeast Identification
  4. Dermatophyte Identification
  5. Candida Speciation
  6. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
  7. Cryptococcal Antigen Test
Virology & Molecular Microbiology
  1. HIV 1 & 2 Antibody / Antigen Test
  2. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
  3. Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBs)
  4. Hepatitis C Antibody
  5. Hepatitis C RNA (PCR)
  6. Hepatitis A IgM
  7. Hepatitis E IgM
  8. Syphilis Tests (VDRL, RPR, TPHA)
  9. TORCH Screen
  10. COVID-19 Antibody Test
Molecular Tests (PCR)
  1. COVID-19 PCR
  2. Influenza A & B PCR
  3. Respiratory Pathogen Panel
  4. Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) PCR Panel
  5. Chlamydia trachomatis
  6. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  7. Mycoplasma genitalium
  8. HPV DNA Testing
Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Testing
  1. Chlamydia Antigen / PCR
  2. Gonorrhoea Culture & PCR
  3. Trichomonas vaginalis
  4. Syphilis Serology
  5. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Testing
  6. HIV Testing
Infection Control & Screening
  1. MRSA Screening Swab
  2. VRE Screening
  3. ESBL Screening
  4. Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms (CPO) Screening
  5. Clostridioides difficile Toxin A & B
  6. Environmental Swab Culture
  7. Water Microbiology Testing
Serology & Immunology (Microbiology-Based)
  1. Widal Test (Typhoid)
  2. Brucella Agglutination Test
  3. Weil–Felix Test
  4. ASO Titre
  5. Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
  6. Helicobacter pylori Antigen / Antibody
Specialised & Advanced Microbiology
  1. Biofilm Detection
  2. Rapid Sepsis Panels
  3. Molecular Resistance Gene Detection
  4. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (Advanced Panels)
  5. Epidemiological Typing (where available)

Immuno-Assay (Immunology/Serology)

Autoimmune Disease Markers
  1. Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
  2. Anti–Double-Stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA)
  3. Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) Panel
  4. Anti-Sm
  5. Anti-RNP
  6. Anti-SSA (Ro)
  7. Anti-SSB (La)
  8. Anti-Scl-70
  9. Anti-Jo-1
  10. Complement Levels (C3, C4)
Rheumatology-Related Tests
  1. Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
  2. Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti-CCP)
  3. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
  4. HLA-B27
Infectious Disease Serology / Viral Infections
  1. HIV-1/2 Antigen–Antibody Combo
  2. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
  3. Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBs)
  4. Hepatitis B Core Antibody (Anti-HBc)
  5. Hepatitis C Antibody
  6. Hepatitis A IgM / IgG
  7. Hepatitis E IgM
  8. Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Panel
  9. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM / IgG
  10. Rubella IgM / IgG
  11. Measles IgM / IgG
  12. Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgM / IgG
  13. COVID-19 Antibody (IgM / IgG)
Bacterial & Parasitic Infections
  1. Syphilis Serology (VDRL, RPR, TPHA)
  2. Brucella Antibody
  3. Helicobacter pylori Antigen / Antibody
  4. Toxoplasma gondii IgM / IgG
  5. Chlamydia trachomatis Antibody
Allergy & Hypersensitivity Tests
  1. Total IgE
  2. Specific IgE (Food Panel)
  3. Specific IgE (Inhalant Panel)
  4. Drug Allergy Panels
  5. Latex IgE
Immunoglobulins & Complement
  1. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
  2. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
  3. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
  4. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
  5. IgG Subclasses (IgG1–IgG4)
  6. Complement C3
  7. Complement C4
  8. Total Complement Activity (CH50)
Endocrine & Hormonal – Assays: Thyroid Autoimmunity
  1. Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPO-Ab)
  2. Thyroglobulin Antibody (Tg-Ab)
  3. TSH Receptor Antibody (TRAb)
Other Hormone-Related Antibodies
  1. Anti-Insulin Antibody
  2. Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Antibody
Tumour Markers (Immuno-Assay Based)
  1. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA – Total / Free)
  2. Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
  3. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
  4. Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125)
  5. Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)
  6. Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3)
  7. Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG)
  8. Calcitonin
Transplantation & Immune Compatibility
  1. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Antibody Screen
  2. Panel Reactive Antibodies (PRA)
  3. Crossmatch (Serological)
Inflammation & Immune Activation Markers
  1. Procalcitonin
  2. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
  3. Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α)
  4. Ferritin (Immuno-assay method)
Rapid Immunoassay Tests (POCT)
  1. HIV Rapid Test
  2. HBsAg Rapid Test
  3. HCV Rapid Test
  4. Malaria Rapid Antigen Test
  5. COVID-19 Antigen Test
  6. Pregnancy Test (Urine hCG)

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